常用数据类型练习题解答
一、元素分类
有如下值集合 [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99]，将所有大于 66 的值保存至字典的第一个key中，将小于 66 的值保存至第二个key的值中。
即： {'k1': 大于66的所有值, 'k2': 小于66的所有值}l = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99]d = {'k1': [], 'k2': []}for i in l: if i >= 66: d['k1'].append(i) else: d['k2'].append(i)print(d)
二、查找
查找列表中元素，移除每个元素的空格，并查找以 a或A开头 并且以 c 结尾的所有元素。
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]
tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")
dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}
li = ["alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain"]print(li)for i in li[:]: x = li.index(i) li[x] = i.strip()print(li)l2 = []for i in li[:]: if i.capitalize().startswith('A') and i.endswith('c'): l2.append(i)print(l2)#>>>>>>>>>>['alec', ' aric', 'Alex', 'Tony', 'rain']['alec', 'aric', 'Alex', 'Tony', 'rain']['alec', 'aric']tu = ("alec", " aric", "Alex", "Tony", "rain")l3 = []print(tu)for i in tu: l3.append(i.strip())tu = tuple(l3) #在循环里面逐个修改会报错：print(tu)l4 = []for i in tu: if i.capitalize().startswith('A') and i.endswith('c'): l4.append(i)tu4 = tuple(l4)print(tu4)#>>>>>>>>>>('alec', ' aric', 'Alex', 'Tony', 'rain')('alec', 'aric', 'Alex', 'Tony', 'rain')('alec', 'aric')dic = {'k1': "alex", 'k2': ' aric', "k3": "Alex", "k4": "Tony"}print(dic)for i in dic.keys(): dic[i] = dic[i].strip()print(dic)dic1 = {}for i in dic.keys(): if dic[i].capitalize().startswith('A') and dic[i].endswith('c'): dic1.update({i: dic[i]})print(dic1)#>>>>>>>>>>{'k4': 'Tony', 'k2': ' aric', 'k1': 'alex', 'k3': 'Alex'}{'k4': 'Tony', 'k2': 'aric', 'k1': 'alex', 'k3': 'Alex'}{'k2': 'aric'}
三、输出商品列表，用户输入序号，显示用户选中的商品
商品 li = ["手机", "电脑", '鼠标垫', '游艇']
li = ['手机', '电脑', '鼠标垫', '游艇']print('Exit If Not Number!')while True: s = input() if not s.isnumeric(): print('Exit') break z = int(s) if z > 4 or z < 1: print('Input Again Please:') continue for k, i in enumerate(li, 1): if k == z: print(i)
四、购物车
功能要求：
- 要求用户输入总资产，例如：2000
- 显示商品列表，让用户根据序号选择商品，加入购物车
- 购买，如果商品总额大于总资产，提示账户余额不足，否则，购买成功。
- 附加：可充值、某商品移除购物车
goods = [ {"name": "电脑", "price": 1999}, {"name": "鼠标", "price": 10}, {"name": "游艇", "price": 20}, {"name": "美女", "price": 998},]
print('请输入您的总资产:')assets = int(input()) #总资产cart = [] #购物车price = 0 #花销balance = assets - price #余额goods = [ {"name": "电脑", "price": 1999}, {"name": "鼠标", "price": 10}, {"name": "游艇", "price": 20}, {"name": "美女", "price": 998},]print('序号', '物品', '\t', '价格')for k, i in enumerate(goods, 1): print(k, '\t', i['name'], '\t', i['price'])while True: menu = ['购买', '充值', '购物车'] print('请输入操作序号：') for k, i in enumerate(menu, 1): print(k, i) print('********************************') choose = int(input()) if choose == 1: while True: print('请输入要购买的商品序号，若要返回请按其他数字') seq = int(input()) # 购买物品的序号 if seq > 4: break if balance - goods[seq - 1]['price'] < 0: print('余额不足！请前往充值！') break cart.append(goods[seq - 1]) price += goods[seq - 1]['price'] balance = assets - price elif choose == 2: print('请输入充值金额：') money = int(input()) assets += money balance = assets - price print('充值成功！资产如下：') print('总资产：', assets, '\t' '总花费：', price, '\t', '余额：', balance) elif choose == 3: while True: print('********************************') print('Shopping Cart:') print('序号', '物品', '\t', '价格') for k, i in enumerate(cart, 1): print(k, '\t', i['name'], '\t', i['price']) print('总资产：', assets, '\t' '总花费：', price, '\t', '余额：', balance) print('********************************') menu_cart = ['移除', '结算'] print('请输入操作序号，若要返回请按其他数字') for k, i in enumerate(menu_cart, 1): print(k, i) print('********************************') choose_cart = int(input()) if choose_cart == 1: print('请输入要移除的商品在购物车的序号') rm = int(input()) remove = cart.pop(rm - 1) price -= remove['price'] balance += remove['price'] print('移除成功！') elif choose_cart == 2: print('购买成功！订单如下') print('********************************') print('Shopping Cart:') print('序号', '物品', '\t', '价格') for k, i in enumerate(cart, 1): print(k, '\t', i['name'], '\t', i['price']) print('总资产：', assets, '\t' '总花费：', price, '\t', '余额：', balance) print('********************************') exit() else: break 突然发现，受C语言影响，这里将所有的输入输出分开写了。。。显得有些繁琐，在input()里面显示提示信息会好一些。
另外，购物车结构可以优化，把相同的条目计数，如 ｛商品 ，单价，数目｝
五、用户交互，显示省市县三级联动的选择
dic = { "河北": { "石家庄": ["鹿泉", "藁城", "元氏"], "邯郸": ["永年", "涉县", "磁县"], }, "河南": { "郑州": ["二七", "金水", "慧济"], "洛阳": ["龙门", "白马寺", "上清宫"], }, "山西": { "太原": ["万柏林", "尖草坪", "杏花岭"], "临汾": ["尧都区", "金殿镇", "屯里镇"], }}sheng = input("输入省名查看市：")for i in dic[sheng]: print(i)shi = input("输入市名查看县区：")for j in dic[sheng][shi]: print(j)